ISTH 2025 — Updated Definition and Scoring of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

Diagnose overt DIC using a 4-parameter score (platelet count, D-dimer/fibrin-related marker, prothrombin time prolongation, fibrinogen) in a patient with a clinical condition known to be associated with DIC; a score ≥5 is compatible with overt DIC. Revises D-dimer thresholds from the original 2001 ISTH score and introduces a broader pre-DIC/early-phase/overt-DIC conceptual framework.