GuidelineCurrent
BTS Pleural 2023 — British Thoracic Society Clinical Statement on Pleural Procedures
British Thoracic Society, 2023
Pleural procedures require ultrasound-guided site selection when appropriate, attention to bleeding and organ-injury risk, safe drain insertion technique, and structured post-procedure monitoring.
Conditional recommendationModerate certainty
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Disease ReferenceChest Tube & Pleural Drain Management
Ultrasound-guided pleural drain selection, insertion safety, troubleshooting and complication management in critically ill adults.
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Pleural Infection / Empyema
Diagnosis and source control of complicated parapneumonic effusion and empyema with drainage, tPA/DNase and surgical escalation
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